India is poised to begin 2026 with a transformative leap in sustainable transport as the country’s first hydrogen-powered train prepares for trial operations. Expected to be inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi later this month on Republic day, the landmark initiative places Indian Railways among a select group of global rail systems experimenting with hydrogen traction at scale. The inaugural trial run on the 90-kilometre Jind–Sonipat section in Haryana is more than a technological milestone—it represents a decisive shift towards cleaner, future-ready rail infrastructure.
From Diesel Dependence to Green Innovation
For decades, diesel traction has played a critical role in connecting non-electrified routes across India. However, rising fuel costs, emissions concerns, and national climate commitments have compelled Indian Railways to explore alternative propulsion technologies. Hydrogen-powered trains offer a promising solution, particularly for routes where electrification may be technically challenging or economically unviable.
The Jind–Sonipat hydrogen train project reflects this strategic intent. Developed jointly by Indian Railways, the Research Designs and Standards Organisation and Spanish technology partner Green H, the initiative aligns closely with India’s broader energy transition goals and the National Green Hydrogen Mission.
Technology Behind the Hydrogen Train
The trainset has been designed for speeds of up to 150 kmph and will initially operate between 110 and 140 kmph during trials. It consists of two driver power cars and eight passenger coaches, with dual 1,200-horsepower engines placed at both ends. The coaches have been manufactured at the Integral Coach Factory in Chennai, highlighting the role of domestic manufacturing in advanced rail solutions.
At the heart of the system is electrochemical fuel cell technology. Hydrogen and oxygen combine within fuel cells to generate electricity, producing only water and steam as by-products. The fuel cells generate high-capacity direct current to power traction motors as well as onboard systems such as lighting, ventilation and air-conditioning. Lithium-ion batteries store excess energy, enabling efficient power management and regenerative operation.
Approximately 900 grams of hydrogen produced from nine kilograms of water can power the train for one kilometre. The onboard system is designed to store up to 3,000 kilograms of hydrogen and 7,680 kilograms of oxygen, enabling extended operations without frequent refuelling.
India’s Largest Rail-Based Hydrogen Plant
Supporting the project is India’s largest hydrogen production plant, currently under construction at Jind railway junction. Spread across a 2,000-square-metre site and supported by a dedicated 1.5-megawatt power supply, the facility is expected to ensure uninterrupted hydrogen generation. Nearly 3,000 kilograms of hydrogen will be stored in underground tanks, reinforcing safety and operational reliability.
The plant will require up to 40,000 litres of water per hour, with rainwater harvested from station rooftops forming part of the supply chain. This integrated approach reflects efforts to embed sustainability across the entire hydrogen lifecycle, from production to deployment.
Operational Benefits and Passenger Impact
The hydrogen-powered train is expected to complete the Jind–Sonipat journey in about one hour, significantly faster than the existing diesel multiple unit service, which takes close to two hours. With six stations along the route, the service aims to provide quicker, quieter and cleaner regional connectivity.
With a passenger capacity of around 2,500 and fares expected to range between Rs 5 and Rs 25, the service is positioned as affordable and inclusive. Officials estimate fuel efficiency equivalent to approximately 4.5 litres of diesel per kilogram of hydrogen, along with lower maintenance costs due to fewer mechanical components compared to conventional diesel engines.
Hydrogen-powered trains can also operate over longer distances without external power supply, offering the operational flexibility of diesel traction while eliminating tailpipe emissions.
A Foundation for Future Green Rail Infrastructure
The project has drawn strong local and national support. Haryana Assembly Deputy Speaker and Jind MLA Dr Krishan Middha has described the initiative as a matter of pride for the region, noting that hosting the country’s largest hydrogen plant places Haryana at the forefront of India’s clean energy transition.
If the trials prove successful, Indian Railways is expected to assess broader rollout strategies, potentially redefining how non-electrified lines are served across the network in the years ahead.
Join the Conversation on the Future of Rail
India’s first hydrogen-powered train is not merely a trial—it is a clear statement of intent towards sustainable, innovation-led rail development. As rail systems worldwide seek scalable low-carbon solutions, this initiative positions Indian Railways as an active contributor to global green mobility efforts.
We invite readers to share their perspectives on hydrogen traction, sustainable rail technologies and the future of clean transportation. The Chamber of Railway Industries welcomes industry professionals, policymakers, researchers and stakeholders to join the Rail Chamber for knowledge exchange, informed discussion and collaboration with domain experts shaping the next chapter of India’s railway transformation.
